How a Muslim city in Al-Andalus became Madrid

Madrid is best known today as the capital of Spain. Yet long before it gained this status, it was founded in the 9th century as a Muslim city by the Umayyad rulers of Al-Andalus. This origin, and the social structure it fostered, remain little acknowledged, but archaeological evidence and historical accounts trace the city’s roots to this period, a time when Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived side by side for centuries.

A scientific discovery links a Roman statesman to a military camp in Morocco’s Tamuda

According to a group of researchers led by the University of Cadiz in Spain, Tamuda was home to a military camp constructed by the Romans. The discovery has even linked Roman stateman  Quintus Sertorius to the ruins in Tamuda.