After their involvement alongside Gaddafi's forces against Libyan opposition troops in 2011, a confidential document reveals that an agreement formalizing this cooperation was signed in January 2012 in Algeria, involving representatives from Algeria, the Polisario, and Syria.
Ties between the Ba'ath regime, which ruled Syria for decades, and Morocco were not always amicable, as Syria supported the Polisario and leftist opposition groups while aligning more closely with the Algerian regime.