Provisions published in France’s Official Journal on Thursday have now changed the recognition process for medical degrees earned outside the European Union. These changes impact nearly 14% of practitioners in France—many of whom, including numerous Moroccan professionals, completed their medical studies abroad.
While the United Nations has adopted the term «Islamophobia» to describe racism based on religious affiliation with Islam, the label is often rejected in France, where Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau views it as carrying Islamist or even Muslim Brotherhood connotations. Yet the term's origins date back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, rooted more in ethnology than in political ideology.